Solving 666: Counted, Weighed, Divided#

This study attempts to solve the riddle presented in Revelation 13:18:

Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six.

This study also accounts for the possible “616” which may be the original writing. Either way, the symbolism holds strong and the numbers work.

Main Connections#

Most readers interpret this as a call to action: “If you have understanding, solve this puzzle.”

The riddle is more readily solved by identifying “him that hath understanding” as Daniel, who solved a complex counting riddle concerning the “beast” of his own time.

In Daniel chapter 5, there are a number of things that strongly anchor this solution in context.

Him That Hath Understanding#

5:11 There is a man in thy kingdom, in whom is the spirit of the holy gods; and in the days of thy father, light and understanding and wisdom, like the wisdom of the gods, was found in him; whom the king Nebuchadnezzar thy father, the king, I say, thy father, made master of the magicians, astrologers, Chaldeans, and soothsayers;

5:12 Forasmuch as an excellent spirit, and knowledge, and understanding, interpreting of dreams, and shewing of hard sentences, and dissolving of doubts, were found in the same Daniel, whom the king named Belteshazzar: now let Daniel be called, and he will shew the interpretation.

The Beast#

5:17 Then Daniel answered and said before the king, Let thy gifts be to thyself, and give thy rewards to another; yet I will read the writing unto the king, and make known to him the interpretation.

5:18 O thou king, the most high God gave Nebuchadnezzar thy father a kingdom, and majesty, and glory, and honour:

5:19 And for the majesty that he gave him, all people, nations, and languages, trembled and feared before him: whom he would he slew; and whom he would he kept alive; and whom he would he set up; and whom he would he put down.

5:20 But when his heart was lifted up, and his mind hardened in pride, he was deposed from his kingly throne, and they took his glory from him:

5:21 And he was driven from the sons of men; and his heart was made like the beasts, and his dwelling was with the wild asses: they fed him with grass like oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven; till he knew that the most high God ruled in the kingdom of men, and that he appointeth over it whomsoever he will.

5:22 And thou his son, O Belshazzar, hast not humbled thine heart, though thou knewest all this;

5:23 But hast lifted up thyself against the Lord of heaven; and they have brought the vessels of his house before thee, and thou, and thy lords, thy wives, and thy concubines, have drunk wine in them; and thou hast praised the gods of silver, and gold, of brass, iron, wood, and stone, which see not, nor hear, nor know: and the God in whose hand thy breath is, and whose are all thy ways, hast thou not glorified:

5:24 Then was the part of the hand sent from him; and this writing was written.

Counting the Number (Babylon)#

5:25 And this is the writing that was written:

• MENE
• MENE
• TEKEL
• UPHARSIN

5:26-28 This is the interpretation of the thing:

• MENE; God hath numbered thy kingdom, and finished it.
• TEKEL; Thou art weighed in the balances, and art found wanting.
• PERES; Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians.

Contextual Anchoring to Revelation 13#

The connection does not require the whole chapter. The necessary points are specific.

The Subject Is a Beast With Received Authority#

13:1 And I stood upon the sand of the sea, and saw a beast rise up out of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns, and upon his horns ten crowns, and upon his heads the name of blasphemy.

13:2 And the beast which I saw was like unto a leopard, and his feet were as the feet of a bear, and his mouth as the mouth of a lion: and the dragon gave him his power, and his seat, and great authority.

Revelation identifies a beast possessing power, a seat, and authority. Daniel 5 concerns a king who received a kingdom, majesty, glory, and honour, and whose heart was made “like the beasts.”

Its Authority Extends Over Nations#

13:7 And it was given unto him to make war with the saints, and to overcome them: and power was given him over all kindreds, and tongues, and nations.

Daniel 5:19 gives the corresponding extent of Babylonian rule: “all people, nations, and languages.”

It Exalts Itself Against God#

13:5 And there was given unto him a mouth speaking great things and blasphemies; and power was given unto him to continue forty and two months.

13:6 And he opened his mouth in blasphemy against God, to blaspheme his name, and his tabernacle, and them that dwell in heaven.

Daniel 5:20-23 presents the same relevant offenses: pride, self-exaltation against God, misuse of the vessels of his house, and praise given to idols.

Its Rule Joins Power, Worship, and Death#

13:4 And they worshipped the dragon which gave power unto the beast: and they worshipped the beast, saying, Who is like unto the beast? who is able to make war with him?

13:15 And he had power to give life unto the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak, and cause that as many as would not worship the image of the beast should be killed.

Daniel 5 likewise joins imperial authority, false worship, and the power to kill: “whom he would he slew; and whom he would he kept alive.”

The Reader Is Finally Directed to Count#

13:17 And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name.

13:18 Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six.

The wording supplies the proposed reference:

• “Here is wisdom.”
• “Him that hath understanding.”
• “Count the number.”
• “It is the number of a man.”

Daniel 5 has already identified “a man” possessing “understanding and wisdom.” That man reads the writing and interprets its numbered judgement against a beast-like king.

No single correspondence establishes the connection by itself. The combined pattern establishes Daniel 5 as a strong scriptural precedent for testing whether the command to “count the number of the beast” should be understood through the judgement formula of Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin.

666 as 600, 60, and 6#

Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six.

The number is commonly compressed in modern notation as 666. The wording, however, expresses that total as an additive sequence:

• 600
• 60 [20+20+20]
• 6

These values form one number. This study asks whether their ordered presentation also permits a meaningful structural reading.

Note on the Greek Text:

The SBLGNT, Westcott-Hort, and NA28 print the final number in Revelation 13:18 as:

hexakosioi hexekonta hex (ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ)

These are three Greek number words: “six hundred,” “sixty,” and “six.” Together they form a single compound cardinal expression:

600 + 60 + 6 = 666

The Greek manuscript and editorial traditions are not uniform in how this total is written. Some spell out the number, while others represent it with the Greek numeral letters χξϛ. Both forms resolve to the same ordered values: 600, 60, and 6.

The Greek form does not, by itself, prove that these values constitute three prophetic slots. It does, however, preserve the ordered sequence required by the proposed comparison.

The claim must therefore be tested rather than assumed: if Revelation 13:18 invokes the judgement pattern established in Daniel 5, then 600, 60, and 6 should correspond coherently to Counted -> Weighed -> Divided. The calculation that follows determines whether that reading succeeds.

The Babylon Judgement Formula#

The judgement formula has three parts:

• MENE; God hath numbered thy kingdom, and finished it.
• TEKEL; Thou art weighed in the balances, and art found wanting.
• PERES; Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians.

To clarify each part:

• MENE; This is the “numbered” part, by which the beast is numbered.
• TEKEL; This is the “weighed” part, signified by a shekel.
• PERES; This is the “divided” part, showing the way the division occurred.

When the writing was read, MENE (mina) was repeated twice:

MENE – MENE – TEKEL – UPHARSIN

Based on the entire outcome, we understand that MENE MENE means two minas were expected. The interpreted MENE supplies the counted base of one mina; the repeated MENE supplies the matching increase that should have accompanied it. This is a real-life example of an evil steward being counted with one mina when two were expected. We will expand on this later.

First, we must understand the biblical standard governing these weights:

Ezekiel 45:10
Ye shall have just balances, and a just ephah, and a just bath.

Ezekiel 45:11
The ephah and the bath shall be of one measure, that the bath may contain the tenth part of an homer, and the ephah the tenth part of an homer: the measure thereof shall be after the homer.

Ezekiel 45:12
And the shekel shall be twenty gerahs: twenty shekels, five and twenty shekels, fifteen shekels, shall be your maneh.

From this standard:

1 mina = 60 shekels
1 shekel = 20 gerahs
1 mina = 1,200 gerahs

So MENE MENE (2 minas) is equal to 120 shekels.

2 minas expected = 120 shekels

Some might challenge why we’ve used the weights in Ezekiel as the basis for this study.

Rather than relying on fluctuating historical market rates, these values reflect God’s divinely instituted sanctuary standard–established in Ezekiel to govern the end-times judgement.

UPHARSIN / PERES#

PERES; Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians.

UPHARSIN can be broken down as:

U- = and
PHARSIN = divisions or half-pieces

When Daniel interprets the writing, he uses the singular form PERES:

PERES; Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Medes and Persians.

PERES is connected with the idea of something being divided, but it also sounds like the name of Persia. The word therefore identifies both the judgement and one of the powers receiving the kingdom:

Divided -> Medes and Persians

The writing is therefore not merely naming several weights. Each weight becomes an action within the judgement:

The kingdom is numbered.
The king (representing the kingdom) is weighed.
The kingdom is divided and transferred.

Cut to Pieces#

The transfer of the kingdom produces the following pattern of division:

• 1 entire kingdom transfer: given to Darius
• 2 receiving powers: Medes and Persians
• 3 presidents: of whom Daniel was first
• 120 princes: placed over the whole kingdom

This is found directly after the transfer of power, in the following chapter:

Daniel 6:1

It pleased Darius to set over the kingdom an hundred and twenty princes, which should be over the whole kingdom;

Daniel 6:2

And over these three presidents; of whom Daniel was first: that the princes might give accounts unto them, and the king should have no damage.

This transfer and division of power as a punishment is a common theme in the Scriptures. We could easily list many passages on this subject alone.

To keep this brief, however, we will quote the curse that Nebuchadnezzar unwittingly placed upon his son Belshazzar:

Daniel 3:29

Therefore I make a decree, That every people, nation, and language, which speak any thing amiss against the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, shall be cut in pieces, and their houses shall be made a dunghill: because there is no other God that can deliver after this sort.

That the king represents the nation is shown in Daniel 4:20-22:

Daniel 4:20-22

The tree that thou sawest, which grew, and was strong, whose height reached unto heaven, and the sight thereof to all the earth;

Whose leaves were fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in it was meat for all; under which the beasts of the field dwelt, and upon whose branches the fowls of the heaven had their habitation:

It is thou, O king, that art grown and become strong: for thy greatness is grown, and reacheth unto heaven, and thy dominion to the end of the earth.

So Belshazzar, weighed in the balance, represented his kingdom. He was killed that night, but the kingdom he represented was “cut to pieces”–transferred to the Medes and Persians, then divided administratively under three presidents and 120 princes.

This pattern of power being taken away, transferred, and divided as judgement is a common and dominant theme throughout the Scriptures.

An example of this division is found in Matthew:

Matthew 24:48-51

But and if that evil servant shall say in his heart, My lord delayeth his coming;

And shall begin to smite his fellowservants, and to eat and drink with the drunken;

The lord of that servant shall come in a day when he looketh not for him, and in an hour that he is not aware of,

And shall cut him asunder, and appoint him his portion with the hypocrites: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

This passage is not just an allusion to the fate of Babylon but a future prophecy that we will find connected to the 600-60-6 version of MENE MENE-TEKEL-UPHARSIN.

Further, this pattern is shown subtly by Daniel’s wise words, which can be taken multiple ways:

Daniel 5:17

Daniel answered and said before the king, Let thy gifts be to thyself, and give thy rewards to another; yet I will read the writing unto the king, and make known to him the interpretation.

Compare:

Ecclesiastes 2:26

For God giveth to a man that is good in his sight wisdom, and knowledge, and joy: but to the sinner he giveth travail, to gather and to heap up, that he may give to him that is good before God. This also is vanity and vexation of spirit.

Together, these passages show that Daniel understood the judgment taking place: The king had selfishly accumulated wealth, but now his treasures would become another man’s reward.

The Account of Silver#

Before proceeding, we must understand what the monetary aspect of this judgement means.

Proverbs 2:4-5

If thou seekest her as silver, and searchest for her as for hid treasures;

Then shalt thou understand the fear of the LORD, and find the knowledge of God.

Proverbs 25:4-5 Take away the dross from the silver, and there shall come forth a vessel for the finer. Take away the wicked from before the king, and his throne shall be established in righteousness.

Proverbs 10:20 The tongue of the just is as choice silver: the heart of the wicked is little worth.

James 5:3 Your gold and silver is cankered; and the rust of them shall be a witness against you, and shall eat your flesh as it were fire. Ye have heaped treasure together for the last days.

Jeremiah 6:30 Reprobate silver shall men call them, because the LORD hath rejected them.

Isaiah 1:22-23

Thy silver is become dross, thy wine mixed with water:

Thy princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves: every one loveth gifts, and followeth after rewards: they judge not the fatherless, neither doth the cause of the widow come unto them.

And the parables are especially important as keys in the mysteries concerning the monetary aspect of judgement.

• Matthew 5:25-26 – The Debtor
• Matthew 18:23-35 – The Unforgiving Servant
• Matthew 20:1-16 – The Laborers in the Vineyard
• Matthew 25:14-30 – The Talents
• Luke 7:41-43 – The Two Debtors
• Luke 10:30-37 – The Good Samaritan
• Luke 12:58-59 – The Debtor Before the Judge
• Luke 15:8-10 – The Lost Coin
• Luke 19:11-27 – The Minas

These scriptures make it clear that money, atonement, and salvation are all connected with precious metals–especially silver.

1 Corinthians 6:20 For ye are bought with a price: therefore glorify God in your body, and in your spirit, which are God’s.

Exodus 30:13-15

This they shall give, every one that passeth among them that are numbered, half a shekel after the shekel of the sanctuary: (a shekel is twenty gerahs:) an half shekel shall be the offering of the LORD.

Every one that passeth among them that are numbered, from twenty years old and above, shall give an offering unto the LORD.

The rich shall not give more, and the poor shall not give less than half a shekel, when they give an offering unto the LORD, to make an atonement for your souls.

Together, these sayings and accounts show a consistent pattern: Our growth toward God resembles both a wisely managed account and a search for hidden treasure. Pure dealings produce pure silver. Corrupt dealings produce silver full of dross.

When someone administers over God’s people, those people are a collection of silver entrusted to him. At the same time, his own conduct is weighed separately, because he too represents a single unit of silver.

Every person answers for his own account. A ruler also answers for the people entrusted to him. The pattern of the evil world is simple: its rulers are bad businessmen, while those under them are often worth more than the rulers themselves.

Ecclesiastes 4:13 Better is a poor and a wise child than an old and foolish king, who will no more be admonished.

The Method of Division Contained in the Writing#

As stated above, the complete inscription–MENE MENE–presents two equal mina portions: the counted base and the increase that should have accompanied it. Together they form the two-mina expected account.

Yet when Daniel interprets the “counted” portion of the writing, he mentions MENE only once:

1 mina = 60 shekels

This difference may reveal the king to be an evil steward. Judgement came at a time he did not expect, and the Master’s audit showed that he had failed to increase what had been entrusted to him. Only one mina was counted, although the complete inscription indicates that two minas were expected.

This judgement is contained in the wording itself:

MENE MENE TEKEL UPHARSIN

Two minas expected. One mina counted. One mina deficient.

This is consistent with the principle taught in Jesus’ stewardship parables: what the master entrusts to his servant is expected to produce an increase.

Therefore:

2 minas expected – 1 mina counted = 1 mina deficient

Since:

1 mina = 60 shekels

the deficient mina may then be expressed as 120 half-shekels and compared with what occurred immediately after Babylon’s fall:

Daniel 6:1

It pleased Darius to set over the kingdom an hundred and twenty princes, which should be over the whole kingdom.

Babylon’s kingdom was taken from Belshazzar and given to the Medes and Persians. The deficient mina–not the counted mina and not the PERES half-mina–can therefore be distributed symbolically among the 120 princes appointed over the conquered kingdom:

1 deficient mina = 60 shekels = 120 half-shekels
120 half-shekels / 120 princes = 1/2 shekel per prince

Each prince consequently receives the value of half a shekel, or 10 gerahs.

Counted, Weighed, Divided – The Method#

Two relationships must be kept distinct. The first is the state of the account:

The second is the measure assigned to each judgement category:

The PERES half-mina signifies the division of the kingdom. The separate one-mina deficiency is what resolves into 120 half-shekels.

Counted#

Counted: This is the monetary value that represents the kingdom. This is the “count the number” portion of our Revelation 600, 60, 6 mystery. The value counted is similar to the minas and talents in Jesus’ parables, which represent the entirety of a kingdom or service entrusted to an individual and the period of service entrusted to him. That individual, in turn, can represent an entire nation.

In this case, we have the “evil steward” event: one mina was counted as the base, but its matching increase was missing. The complete expected account was two minas.

Weighed#

Weighed: This is the salvation point. This is where a person is found to be “just” or “unjust.” A just balance reveals whether a person possesses full value or has been corrupted by wickedness, like silver full of dross. A false balance conceals or misrepresents that value.

Tekel is simply the shekel category of the assessment.

The connection between personal virtues and monetary value is shown here:

Psalm 37:21

The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again: but the righteous sheweth mercy, and giveth.

To be forgiven is to borrow; to show mercy is to repay. Babylon failed to show mercy to the holy ones–the silver entrusted to it–and therefore failed to repay what it had received. The missing mina represents Babylon’s unpaid debt: the return it owed but never produced.

Daniel 4:27-28

Wherefore, O king, let my counsel be acceptable unto thee, and break off thy sins by righteousness, and thine iniquities by shewing mercy to the poor; if it may be a lengthening of thy tranquillity.

All this came upon the king Nebuchadnezzar.

Babylon received mercy during Nebuchadnezzar’s judgment, but Belshazzar, acting as Babylon’s king, did not repay that mercy by doing righteousness. Thus, the mina concerns Babylon’s corporate debt, while the shekel concerns the individual king who was weighed and found wanting.

Isaiah 47:6

I was wroth with my people, I have polluted mine inheritance, and given them into thine hand: thou didst shew them no mercy; upon the ancient hast thou very heavily laid thy yoke.

Divided#

Divided: This is the “cut in two” or “cut to pieces” part of the process.

The half-mina is the monetary weight assigned to the division category. As a half-piece, it signifies an initial division into two portions, corresponding to the Medes and Persians. The deficient mina is subsequently divided on another level among the 120 princes, producing a half-shekel share for each.

The precise monetary value of peres is disputed: it may indicate either a half-mina or a half-shekel. Either reading preserves the pattern–a half-mina relates to the division of the kingdom, while a half-shekel relates to the judgment of the king. The ambiguity may be intentional, but this study uses the half-mina because Daniel interprets peres as the dividing of the kingdom.

Solving 666 on Every Point#

Revelation 13:18 Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six.

In the previous study, we found that the Handwriting on the Wall account connects to the beast account on many contextual anchors, not just one.

Counted#

Landing exactly on counting: “Mene: God hath numbered thy kingdom, and finished it.”

In the context of the 13th chapter of Revelation, this is an appropriate sentence.

In essence, at the height of human pride, the entire judgement is introduced:

• You’ve been numbered and finished.
• You’ve been weighed and found deficient.
• Your kingdom has been divided.

This is the whole of what the famous 666 number likely means:

• 600 counted.
• 60 weighed.
• 6 divided.

Without the strong context and framework provided by the Babylon account in Daniel, these numbers are meaningless to look at. But with the context and framework, they are numbers to be assigned to variables provided by the Daniel/Babylon framework.

• 600 minas (counted)
• 60 shekels (weighed)
• 6 half-minas (divided)

As learned in the Daniel/Babylon account, the counted mina is the base value. The required increase equals that base, and the two together form the complete expected account.

See this table of the monetary breakdowns:

At the time of appraisal, the beast should have had 1,200 minas: 600 counted minas plus the matching increase of 600 minas.

This, in monetary terms, breaks down to:

• 72,000 shekels.
• 144,000 half-shekels.

Daniel 6 presents 120 satraps over the conquered kingdom. Revelation 14 presents 144,000 redeemed persons after the beast mystery. These numbers correspond to different lines of the same account and must not be confused:

Babylon: The one-mina deficiency equals 120 half-shekels and is distributed symbolically among 120 satraps. It is the missing mina–not the counted mina and not the PERES half-mina–that produces this result. Each ruler consequently represents one half-shekel.

Beast: The complete expected account consists of 600 counted minas plus an equal 600-mina increase. Together, 1,200 expected minas equal 144,000 half-shekels, corresponding to the 144,000 redeemed persons. The total therefore contains both equal halves of the account: 72,000 counted and 72,000 deficient.

In Daniel, the next chapter exposes the deficiency through 120 administrators. In Revelation, the next chapter displays the recovery of the full expected account through 144,000 redeemed persons. The output changes; the accounting does not.

The complete derivation is given in Explanations: Mene Mene Tekel Upharsin.

Rather than leaving the expected account under another faulty kingdom, Revelation presents its full value as redeemed.

The significance of half-shekel redemption is established in the Law, where each Israelite gave half a shekel as “a ransom for his soul” and “to make an atonement for your souls” (Exodus 30:12-16). This is crucial to this study.

Weighed#

The weighed category contains not one shekel but 60 shekels. Because the shekel is the personal-assessment category, these may correspond to 60 persons joined within one corporate account. The arithmetic fixes the number and category; identifying the persons is a separate question.

This is the “one lot” principle spoken of in Proverbs regarding the evil man:

Proverbs 1:14

Cast in thy lot among us; let us all have one purse.

This is the same thing that the ten kings do in Revelation. They join their kingdoms together as one to destroy the harlot and rob her. In doing so, they receive judgement as one man. This narrative can also be found in the Book of Enoch, for which we will provide examples separately since not all accept the Book of Enoch.

Divided#

In the divided category are 6 half-minas, which total 3 minas.

So this means the kingdom is divided 3 ways. This is also found in the text:

Revelation 16:18-19

18 And there were voices, and thunders, and lightnings; and there was a great earthquake, such as was not since men were upon the earth, so mighty an earthquake, and so great.

19 And the great city was divided into three parts, and the cities of the nations fell: and great Babylon came in remembrance before God, to give unto her the cup of the wine of the fierceness of his wrath.

The Summary of MENE MENE TEKEL UPHARSIN on Babylon the Great#

1. The counted base is 600 minas. Its required increase is another 600, producing a complete expected account of 1,200 minas *, or 144,000 half-shekels.
2. Sixty shekels occupy the weighed category, possibly corresponding to sixty persons joined within one corporate account–one lot, one purse. (See note below)
3. The kingdom is divided three ways.

* Expected minas based on the formula extrapolated from the Babylon judgement and the Evil Steward judgement as explained above.

NOTE: If it is 616 (600, 10, 6), as some translations have, then 600-10-6 is even more consistent being 10 kings weighed in the balance corresponding with the 10 horns of the beast. It’s hard to judge, so here we go with the most used number and hold the 616 as a strong alternative. Either way the symbolism holds.

The Meaning of 666#

Revelation 13:18 Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six.

Summing it up…

“Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast…”

This means: Let Daniel count the number. This reveals the formula.

“For it is the number of a man.”

This would be the evil man, the man of sin, or, collectively, the evil kingdom of fallen man. One purse, one lot. This is the opposite of God and his people being one. It is the united people of the Devil in one body of death.

“And his number is Six hundred threescore and six.”

In other words, his sentence is:

Your kingdom has been numbered and finished. You’ve been weighed in the balance and found deficient. Your kingdom has been divided and transferred, while its full expected value is recovered as 144,000 redeemed lives.

A Note on Ten and Twelve Talents

The 600 counted minas produce two remarkable totals:

• Under the Babylonian standard, 600 minas equal 10 talents, corresponding to the beast’s ten horns or kings.
• Under the biblical sanctuary reckoning, 600 minas equal 12 talents, corresponding to Israel’s twelve tribes.

The same counted amount therefore resolves into ten under Babylon’s measure and twelve under Israel’s measure. This correspondence is not required to establish the formula, but it is difficult to overlook.

Conclusion#

This study was kept as concise as possible out of respect for the reader’s time in an era of constant noise. If you found these insights compelling, the sub-articles below explore each element in far greater depth.

Further Reference on The Mark and the Number#

• The Mark, Further Explained
• One Lot / One Portion
• Universal Division Process